Sinusitis
Sinusitis is an inflammation of the sinuses, which occurs due to allergy or viral infections, bacterial or fungal. Sinusitis can occur in one of the four existing sinus (maksilaris, etmoidalis, frontal or sfenoidalis).
The cause of acute sinusitis:
• Viral infections.
Acute sinusitis can occur after a viral infection, in the upper respiratory tract (eg colds).
• Bacteria.
In the human body there are several types of bacteria that normally does not cause disease, (eg Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae).
If the body’s defense system decreases or the drainage of sinus congestion due to colds or other viral infections, the bacteria that were not harmful to reproduce and infiltrate into the sinuses, causing an acute sinus infection.
SYMPTOMS
Typical symptoms of the disorder is a sinus headache that is felt when the patient woke up in the morning.
• Maksilaris Sinusitis causes pain in the cheek just below the eye, toothache and headaches.
• Sinusitis frontalis cause headaches in the forehead.
• Etmoidalis Sinusitis causes pain behind and between the eyes and headache in the forehead.can also cause pain when the nose on the outskirts of press, reduced sense of smell and nasal congestion.
• Sinusitis causes pain sfenoidalis whose location can not be ascertained and could be felt at the top of the head of the front or rear, or sometimes causes ear pain and neck pain
Other symptoms are:
- Not feeling well
- Fever
- Tired, listless
- Cough, which may worsen at night
- Runny nose or nasal congestion.
Fever and chills indicate that the infection has spread outside the sinuses. Mucous membranes of the nose looks red and swollen, the nose may be out pus yellow or green.
Diagnosis
Diganosis established based on symptoms, sinus X-rays and physical examination results.
To determine the weight of large and sinusitis, can do a CT scan
TREATMENT
For acute sinusitis is usually given:
• Decongestants to reduce congestion
• Antibiotics to control bacterial infections
• Pain relief medicine to relieve pain. Decongestants in the form of nose drops or nasal spray should only be used for a limited time (long-term use can cause blockage and swelling in the nasal tract).
To reduce congestion, swelling and inflammation can be given a nasal spray that contains steroids.
Chronic sinusitis
Given antibiotics and decongestants. To reduce inflammation is usually given a nasal spray that contains steroids. If severe illness, may be given steroids by mouth (by mouth).
The following things can be done to reduce the discomfort:
- Inhaling steam from a vaporizer or a bowl of hot water
- Drug nasal spray containing saline solution
- Warm compresses on the affected sinus area.
If not you can deal with such treatment, then the only way to treat chronic sinusitis is surgical.In children, it is often improved after adenoid removal that clog the nasal sinus tract.
In adult patients who also have allergic diseases sometimes found polyps in the nose.
Polyps should be removed so that the airway open and reduce sinus symptoms.
Current surgical techniques is mostly done is functional endoscopic sinus surgery.
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